Improvement in ventilators for railroad-cars and dwellings



JOHN BRADLEY,

Improvement in ventilators for Railroad-Cars and Dwellings.` N0,114,102, Patented April25,1`87\.

Wwf. l @Mwin 1L 'rA'rE S JOHN BRADLEY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y

ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND FRANK I. KIMBALL, OF RAMSEYS, NEW JERSEY.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent N0. 114,102, dated April25, 1871.

I, JOHN BRADLEY, of the city, county, and State of New York, haveinvented certain Improvements in the Mode of Ventilating Dwellings andother places, ot' which the following is a specification:

The object of my invention is to provide means for the exit of heatedand impure air and the admission of fresh air, and exclude dust fromentering the apartment; and it consists in the arrangement, inconnection with the window-sash, of an adjustable inner sash or panel,which may be inclined from the plane of the window in either direction,or may be projected outwardly on a plane parallel therewith or inclinedthereto, as circumstances may require, said panel or panels being heldby jointed arms to the sash, so as not to prevent the raising andlowering of the windows, and being provided with a curved way or trackon which they are supported when thrown out 5 and it consists, also, inthe combination therewith of a hood, cap, or guard to the window abovethe adjustable sash, to prevent rain, snow, dust, or other matter fromentering through the opening at the top of the inner sash.

Figure l shows the interior of a window with the inner sash openedobliquely. Fig. 2 is an external view, the inner sash being in the sameposition. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section in like position. Fig. 4 is ahorizontal section, showing the inner sash projected out on a plane withthe window. Fig. 5 is a vertical section, showing the hood and the topof the inner sash inclined outwardly.

As represented in the drawing, A is the window-frame, and B an ordinarysliding sash. C is an adjustable inner sash, (made to contain glass,) ofthe saine thickness as the outer sash, and rabbeted into the opening ofthe latter, and is connected therewith by the jointed arlns d d, a pairof which is placed preferably at the top and one at the bottom, or theymay be placed on either or both sides. These jointed arms admit of theinner sash being moved outwardly on one side, thus placing it on a planeoblique with the window, or of its being projected outwardly on aparallel plane with the latter.

Spring or other bolts e e are provided, a pair to each side of the innersash. When it is to be opened obliquely one pair is withdrawn bypressing together the thumb-catch e e', or other device, when those onthe other edge ot' the inner sash serve as pivots, on which it swings asif hinged. Then to be opened on a parallel plane both sets of bolts haveto be withdrawn.

A track or way, f f, preferably of curved or segmental form, inhorizontal section, is attached to the outside of the windowsash, whichsupports the adjustable inner sash when open, and relieves the arms andbolts of its weight.

When the wind is in a direction which would enter an apartment if thewindow were open, as shown by the arrow l, Fig. 3, the inner sash shouldbe set obliqnely, so that the current will be deflected from thedirection of arrow l to that of arrow 2. This produces a partial vacuumat the opening formed, and the air in the interior of the apartment willmove in the direction of the arrow 3, thus making its exit from theroom, while its place will be iilled with fresh air entering throughinnumerable interstices.

In this manner the overheated and impure air of a room is graduallychanged without direct draft being admitted, as when an ordinary windowis opened, and whatever dust, snow, or extraneous matter may be broughtin contact with the inner sash is excluded.

In certain directions of the wind-as, for instance, on a plane with thewindow--the inner sash may be projected outwardly on a parallel plane,allowing the draft to pass diA rectly through from side to side, asindicated by the arrow in Fig. 4.

In applying the window to railway-cars and steamboats, in order-toentirely prevent rain, dust, 85e., from entering through the openingfrom the top, I provide a hood or canopy, H, over the top of the window,so that nothing can enter from above. rlhe lower edge has a iiange, g,turned up to form a gutter, which carries oii' the rain on either sideby directing it against the side of the car or vessel, which preventsits being blown in through the ventilator.

The hood does not inter'fere with the exit of air, which eseapes in themanner indicated by the curved arrow in Fig. 5.

The adjustable inner sash may be of any size adapted to the exteriorsash, and may be filled with one or more lights of glass, as desired. Itis rabbeted on the inside, and the sash-frame is correspondinglyrabbeted on the outside, forming a Weather tight joint when closed.

This improvement is particularly adapted to sleeping-apartments tosecure ventilation without admitting drafts, and also to sleeping andday cars for railway travel, and for the state-rooms and cabins ofsteamboats and other vessels.

I claim as my invention- 1. The adjustable inner sash, C, provided withthe duplicate pair of jointed folding arms d d, in combination with thesash B, arranged and operating as and for the purposes set fortl.

2. In combination with the adjustable inner sash, C, provided with thepairs of jointed arms d d, the projecting Way or track j' f,substantially as set forth.

3. In combination with the adjustable inner sash, C., the hood or guardH, when applied to railway-cars or steamboats, ,Substantially as setforth.

4. In combination With the hood H, the flange or gutter g, for use onrailway-cars and vessels, substantially as set forth.

' JOHN BRADLEY.

Witnesses:

K. N. J oNEs, W. W. PHILLIPS.

